Prostate cancer is a serious medical condition affecting millions of men worldwide, including India. Although the problem of prostate enlargement is common among aging men, it is crucial to differentiate between the enlargement and cancer, which requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early detection of prostate cancer is key to successful treatment outcomes and better survival rates. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms, prevention, and treatment options available for prostate cancer.
Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer comes with various symptoms that one should watch out for. The most common symptoms include:
- Frequent urge to pee
- Difficulty in urination
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
- Blood in urine
- Erectile dysfunction
Screening for Prostate Cancer
Early detection is key to successful treatment of prostate cancer. Two common screening tests are used to detect prostate cancer:
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test
The PSA blood test looks for PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer, but they can also be caused by other prostate conditions such as an infection or an enlarged prostate. A high PSA level does not necessarily mean that a man has prostate cancer, and further testing may be required to determine the cause of the elevated levels.
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
A digital rectal exam is a physical examination that involves a doctor inserting a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate gland. The doctor checks for any abnormalities, such as lumps or bumps, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
Who is prone to Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer is most common among men aged 50 and above, particularly those with a family history of lower urinary tract symptoms. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is advisable to undergo screening and further evaluation. The following tests may be recommended by your urologist:
- Digital rectal examination
- Severe PSA management and its different types and forms
- Trans-rectal ultrasound or abdominal ultrasound
- MRI or Pet CT, if necessary.
Treatment Options
The treatment options for prostate cancer depend on the severity of the condition, the patient’s evaluation, and several other factors, such as age, functional status, stage of the disease, presence or absence of co-morbidities, and surgical fitness. Below are some of the treatment options available:
- Active Surveillance: This involves closely monitoring the growth of cancer. Usually, prostate cancer develops slowly, so doctors measure the growth with every test and suggest timely prostate biopsies and imaging tests.
- Watchful Waiting: This is a type of palliative treatment where the patient’s condition is monitored, and treatment is given if symptoms occur. The aim is to optimize the patient’s quality of life.
- Radical prostatectomy (open/laparoscopic/robotic): This is a surgical procedure that removes the entire area affected by cancer. It is considered one of the best treatments that provide maximum care.
- Radiotherapy: This treatment uses radiation to shrink the tumor.
- Hormonal Therapy: This therapy helps stop the generation of male testosterones, which further the effect of cancer. It is conducted through the following two sets of treatments:
- Medical castration
- Surgical castration
- Molecular Therapy / Target Therapy: This therapy helps to stop the development and rapid spread of cancer. Specific drugs are used to target proteins that develop cancer.
- Chemotherapy: This treatment involves using anti-cancer drugs to treat the patient.
Survival Rate and Life After Prostate Cancer
The survival rate in the case of prostate cancer ranges between 8 to 13 years. Life after prostate cancer is close to normal routine life, and after treatment, it presents more successful outcomes compared to other cancers and poses a lesser risk to life.
It is essential to differentiate between prostate enlargement and prostate cancer. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to successful outcomes and better survival rates. If you experience any symptoms related to prostate cancer, consult your doctor immediately. Early detection can help in better treatment outcomes and higher chances of survival.